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It’s estimated almost have diabetes, and numbers are growing. Between 2013 and 2023, the total number of people known to be living with diabetes across the country .

As is the case for a range of , diabetes disproportionately affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Indigenous Australians are to be diagnosed with diabetes than non-Indigenous Australians. They are to die from it.

Among other factors, physical activity plays an important role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. But our new study, published in the , shows we don’t know enough about the role of physical activity in preventing and managing type 2 diabetes in First Nations people.

What is diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition where there’s (sugar) in the blood. There are different types, but the most common is type 2 diabetes. In people with , the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone which regulates blood sugar levels.

Risk factors for include having a family history of diabetes, being overweight, and having high blood pressure.

The high rates of diabetes in Indigenous communities are to a large extent influenced by the . For example, we know disproportionately affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, especially in rural and remote communities. This can make it difficult to follow a healthy diet, which in turn affects overall health.

People in also often have poorer access to educational and employment opportunities, suitable housing, and . All these factors can contribute to poorer health.

First Nations communities have of younger onset type 2 diabetes (usually defined as a diagnosis before age 40).

If diabetes is not effectively managed, it can lead to , including long-term damage to the heart, kidneys, eyes and feet. Diabetes can affect all aspects of a person’s life, including their .

Lifestyle interventions (diet and physical activity) are generally recommended as part of a treatment plan .

We wanted to understand how physical activity interventions in particular can help Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with diabetes.

Our research

As well as playing a role in diabetes prevention, there’s good evidence for people already diagnosed with .

Physical activity has been associated with lower levels of in the blood (an index of glucose control), reduced blood lipids such as cholesterol, and weight loss. Evidence suggests a combination of may be superior to either mode alone.

We reviewed studies that looked at the effects of physical activity interventions and programs in type 2 diabetes prevention and management for First Nations Australians.

We found only that investigated physical activity interventions for preventing or managing type 2 diabetes in Indigenous adults.

There was some evidence linking physical activity to better outcomes in Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes. However, the value of the findings was affected by shortcomings in study design and a lack of involvement of Indigenous people in designing and carrying out the research.

A gap in high-quality evidence

There are many aspects of diabetes prevention and management that tend to be more difficult for people in First Nations communities, particularly those that are rural or remote.

Also, new technologies that can help with diabetes management, such as , are often very expensive.

It’s crucial Indigenous Australians with diabetes have access to , education and services.

Notably, health, cultural and socioeconomic disparities can impact participation in physical activity. What constitutes realistic opportunities to exercise can differ for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people compared to other Australians.

Previous data has shown Indigenous Australians are less likely to meet than non-Indigenous Australians.

Factors that might influence the uptake of physical activity among First Nations people include access to safe, accessible, family-friendly and inexpensive locations to do exercise. These can be limited in regional and remote communities.

Overall, we found a lack of reliable data on whether exercise, and what type of exercise, might benefit Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with type 2 diabetes.

Given physical activity is a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes, we need more rigorous research in this area. These studies must be well designed and culturally appropriate. They must involve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at all levels of the research process.

Targeted research will help us determine the best approaches to increase physical activity, and understand its benefits, for Indigenous people with type 2 diabetes.

, PhD candidate, School of Medicine, and , Professor of Pharmacology,

This article is republished from under a Creative Commons license. Read the .