Closing the other gap: Instilling Indigenous knowledges in young hearts and minds

School of Education

A partnership between World Vision and UNSW engages with local Indigenous communities to address a critical knowledge gap around First Nations people and culture.

World Vision is partnering with UNSW Sydney to raise awareness of and respect for Australia’s First Nations people and culture through primary education.

Meaningful engagement with Indigenous knowledges in education is vital for reconciliation, says project lead Dr Rose Amazan of UNSW’s School of Education.

“If we want to close the knowledge gap around Indigenous culture, we need to prioritise life-long learning around and appreciation of Australia’s shared history,” she says.

The embeds members of local Aboriginal communities within schools to ground Indigenous perspectives in lived experience. Cultural educators work with teachers to integrate Aboriginal histories, knowledges and cultures across the curriculum.

The project will provide a proof-of-concept for Know your Country, a nationwide advocacy campaign convened by World Vision to place a First Nations cultural educator in every Australian primary school. The campaign is supported by research from the UNSW Matraville Education Partnership, established in 2015, which promotes educational advancement and opportunity through teacher development, student initiatives and community involvement.

Dr Scott Winch, Wiradjuri man and World Vision Australia First Nations senior policy advisor, says it’s time for change: “The campaign urges education ministers, systems and schools to hold space for local First Nations communities,” he says.

“Australians support change. In our research, 74 per cent of our survey respondents said they believe education is important in reducing racism, and 62 per cent agreed the government should do more to reduce racism in the education system.”

To close the knowledge gap around Indigenous culture, schools need to prioritise life-long learning of Australia’s shared history, says Dr Amazan. Image: Supplied.

Improving educational outcomes for all

Fostering a culturally supportive learning environment will not only improve educational outcomes for Indigenous students, Dr Amazan says.

“Research shows that partnerships between schools and Indigenous communities, and the embedding of Indigenous cultural knowledge and perspectives in schools, can improve schooling for all students.”

Dr Amazan pursues social justice through research into equity in education, addressing intersectional disadvantage across race and gender. With UNSW Scientia Indigenous Research Fellow Associate Professor Kevin Lowe, she advocates for teaching policies and practices and a culturally responsive curriculum that improve Indigenous educational outcomes.

“Every child across this vast continent deserves to learn from the wisdom of the first custodians of the country they live on,” A/Prof. Lowe, a Gubbi Gubbi man, says.

“This way, the next generation will be equipped to make better decisions that impact the lives of First Nations peoples.”

Shared storytelling models reconciliation

The three-year project, in partnership with the NSW Aboriginal Education Consultative Group (AECG), involves whole classes and year groups, and is a hands-on approach.

Cultural educators cook food (damper and johnny cakes), perform smoking ceremonies, discuss artefacts, create artworks, and share stories of the Dreaming, local history and their lives with the children. They also emphasise truth-telling, sharing their personal and community lived experiences of issues such as mission life, racism, and the Stolen Generations. Teachers work closely with Cultural Residents to find deep and engaging ways to link their knowledge and expertise to the school curriculum.

Aunty Maxine Ryan, cultural educator at the Little Bay Community of Schools, says the students are “fascinated”. In one exercise, they create and share family trees.

“Their stories are just as important as my story,” she says. “Because that’s what reconciliation’s about. Australia is a multicultural country.”

Aunty Maxine Ryan, a local Dharawal woman from La Perouse, works as a Cultural Resident at the Little Bay Community of Schools in Sydney's eastern suburbs. Image: Supplied.

Through greater cultural awareness, the project promotes a more inclusive learning environment. Image: Supplied.

Towards an inclusive education

Aunty Maxine grew up on the gated mission at La Perouse in the 1950s. Access to education was precarious: as late as the 1970s Aboriginal children could be excluded from school at the request of teachers and parents.

Schools are not seen as safe by many Aboriginal people, Aunty Maxine says. “We didn't grow up with books. We weren’t allowed to go to the library. We weren’t allowed to learn.

“That’s why today, because nine times out of 10 the older people at home – they can't read. And this is what we teach in the schools, is to realise that a child's not going to say, but mum and dad can’t read.”

Through greater cultural awareness, the project promotes a more inclusive learning environment. Additionally, it forges connections with local communities, inviting parents into schools, making them feel welcome perhaps for the first time.

“A lot of Aboriginal parents and grandparents never went to [one of the schools I worked in]. But [when we celebrated National Reconciliation Week], they were there. They’ve seen that gate open,” Aunty Maxine says.

Moving beyond tokenism

Engaging Indigenous communities in education gives them much-needed agency in the teaching of Australia’s history, Aunty Maxine says.

“I want my voice to be there. I want all Aboriginal people to have a voice. I want all Aboriginal children to have a voice. And I’m passionate about my culture. And I’m passionate about teaching, and [about] this young generation learning,” she says.

While Indigenous perspectives are present across disciplines, few teachers feel equipped to teach them in a meaningful way, Dr Amazan says. Engaging with cultural educators helps them reconceptualise the way they teach this content beyond mere tokenism, she says.

Aunty Maxine says the response from teachers is overwhelmingly positive: “They just want more and more”.

Combatting systemic disadvantage

Dr Amazan and A/Prof. Lowe are also collaborating on another project, the that addresses the systemic issues that disadvantage First Nations people in education.

This project identifies the critical role of school leadership, cultural engagement and authentic community partnerships in uplifting Indigenous student learning trajectories. It adopts a micro-treaty model between communities and schools for shared accountability.

“We're working with [eight] schools to establish Aboriginal language and cultural programs that really sing to the heart of communities about their sense of Aboriginal identity,” A/Prof. Lowe says.

“We know from that students who feel connected culturally to school, become connected to school educationally. And so our task is to help students be able to live more successfully between two worlds.”

The program, which includes ‘Learning from Country’ immersion experiences, curriculum and pedagogic workshops, professional learning conversations and cultural mentoring, addresses gaps in teacher knowledge and develops the skills for cultivating profound relationships with Indigenous students.

Additionally, A/Prof. Lowe is conducting his own research on policy analysis, survey and qualitative research to identify the barriers to successfully teaching Indigenous content in the curriculum.

'Learning from Country' immersion experiences and a hands-on approach sees cultural educators sharing stories of the Dreaming, local history and their lives with the children. Image: Supplied.

From the past to the future

The Cultural Residents project is gathering data on benefits, determining the best structure and governance models, and creating an online toolkit to aid other schools and communities that want to engage a Cultural Resident.

For Aunty Maxine, the work connects her to her elders, who always hoped to help incorporate Indigenous culture in schools. “This is where our mums started, and it’s like somebody brought us here to keep it going,” she says.

“And this project now, that we're doing, we're just keeping that flowing, and putting more stories in... And to think that this is there now [for students and schools] – [that] it’s real for them – well, we get a little bit teary-eyed.”

Lead image: Students participating in the UNSW Cultural Residents project are encouraged to tell their stories. Image: Supplied.

This article was originally published in 2022.

Written by Kay Harrison